Morning Mirror Edition 840 -16/07/2019 MORNING MIRROR WEBSITE www.morningmirror.africanherd.com Look out for us on Facebook! The Official Morning Mirror Facebook Group. Please contact magskriel@mac.com for information on how to place your advert. Morning Mirror is a publication run for the benefit of Bulawayo's only geriatric and frail care home. EDITORIAL Anyone under the age of thirty will probably not even know what an old fashioned typewriter looks like unless they see one in a book or a museum, but we Baby-boomers from the Dark Ages sure know and remember those old monsters with shuddering horror !! Cast your mind back to those rigid little keys that you had to hit with force of a sledgehammer compared to the caressing feel of a modern computer keyboard !! The earliest typewriters used keyboard layouts that had letters arranged alphabetically. These layouts enabled the typist to locate keys easily. However, a problem often occurred. When the typist struck in rapid succession two or more keys whose type bars were next to one another, the bars frequently jammed. To remedy this problem, a helpful fellow called Sholes helped develop another layout in the 1870's. This layout, known as QWERTY, is still the standard for keyboards in most English-speaking countries. It is called QWERTY because the letters Q, W, E, R, T, and Y appear in succession near the upper left-hand corner of the keyboard. In the QWERTY layout, the bars for the letters that most often appear in combination in the English language are far apart. It always amazed me how beautifully manicured some secretaries could keep their nails when mine were ragged and split and scuffed from tackling those objectionable old Remingtons. I must now let our younger readers know that these typewriters were not powered by anything other than ones own manual forcible hand power !! Oh yes indeed, the pounding of one of the letters by one's fingers, moved the little key along until you reached the edge of the piece of paper and then with the help of a little lever you would with some considerable force, manually push the carriage across from the right hand side of the paper back to the left hand side. And this had to happen at the end of each and every single line, and they dare complain about RSI (repetitive strain injury !!) This was jolly well hard labour you mark my words. Things improved a tad when the electric typewriter was invented but for some reason the manual typewriters were kept in the schools and offices in Zimbabwe for many years probably as a form of corporal punishment. Typing more than one copy of anything was a nightmare. Several copies of a document were often demanded by unthinking bosses who had never laid a finger on a type writer in their pampered lives !! There was the all important top copy of nicest bond paper, followed by the flimsy pink sheet of paper which probably went to the accounts department, followed by the pale blue copy which went to the sales department, then the buttercup yellow sheet which went to the filing department and last but not least the white sheet which probably ended up in the bin but was compulsory just to test your mettle as a typist AND each sheet interspersed with a sheet of carbon paper. Even getting these six sheets of paper to line up evenly with the six sheets of carbon paper tucked in between, was a work of art trust me !! Now I had to actually explain what a sheet of carbon paper was to my daughter !! Woe betide you if you made a typing error and pressed the wrong key by mistake !! Out came that horrid blue pencil typewriter eraser, it had a white piece of rubber on one end and a itsy bitsy brush on the other. Each copy of that darned manuscript had to be altered in minute ghastly detail. Little pieces of paper carefully and painstakingly placed in between every single sheets of paper to stop the carbon marking the paper below as you rubbed ever so delicately as not to tear that awful flimsy paper. It was a total nightmare. The introduction of tippex made things a teensy weensy bit easier but not a great deal, white blobs and splodges were a dead give away to the boss, and most secretaries gave a sigh of relief when those little continuous tippex strips were invented as if you were careful enough you could get away with a whole lot more in the mysterious realms of typing trials and tribulations. I never had a typing lesson and was self taught which was probably why I never stayed, thank heavens, in any typing pool for too long, but radio and TV scripts also had to have several copies, one for the audio, one for the operator and one for the video operator. None of this cutting and pasting that we know of today, if you needed to put in some extra words, too bad, out came that piece of paper and you started all over again from the top !! Imagine the poor fellow who had to type out War and Peace for Mr Tolstoy !! Now I know we have probably forgotten the horrors of the old typewriter already, but do you remember changing the ribbon Oh yes, it had a little spool with an actual sixty inch ribbon that jumped along winding merrily from spool to spool from side to side, black on the bottom half and red on the top half of the more modern machines and these little darlings had to be changed periodically at much cost to life and limb. There would be ink everywhere, on the desk, on the clothes, on the fingers, on the nose, I could cry when I remember those awful awful cruel days of typing yore !! And so when the blessed computer was introduced into our lives, life became a whole lot easier. Our children will never ever know just what horrors we had to go through will they ++++ Watchdog !! Snippets RIFF RAFF - The Mississippi River was the main way of travelling from north to south. Riverboats carried passengers and freight but they were expensive so most people used rafts. Everything had the right of way over rafts which were considered cheap. The steering oar on the rafts was called a "riff" and this transposed into riff-raff, meaning low class. ++++ 2) Notices and Events CHURCH BAZAAR DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH cnr 13th AVE & GEORGE SILUNDIKA STREET We are having a church bazaar on Saturday 27 July 2019 from 9:00 am until stocks last. On sale are the following products milktarts pankakes koeksiters Fetcook Borewores rolls Curry & rice cake & tea or coffee white elephant table meat sales garden and veg table For your table bookings please see the Secretary at the church office. ++++ DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH Its that time of year again. The Dutch Reformed Church Annual Bazaar takes place on Saturday, 27 July 2019. commencing at 9.00am ON SALE our famous Boerewors, Milktarts, Koeksusters. Also a variety of stalls and of-course the White Elephant stall. TO EAT Chicken Curry and Rice, Boerewors Rolls, Vetkoek and mince, and of course Tea, Coffee and cake. Don't miss out see you there. Nellie Buckle Cell: 0772 301 682 email: pjb_pcb@yahoo.com ++++ WHAT'S ON AT THE BULAWAYO THEATRE 1ST - 3RD AUGUST - BULAWAYO BALLET SOCIETY PRODUCTION - CURTAIN CALL WEDNESDAY 31ST - GRANNIES - 2 PM THURSDAY 1ST - PERFORMANCE - 7 PM FRIDAY 2ND - PERFORMANCE - 7 PM SATURDAY 3RD - PERFORMANCE -2 PM & 7 PM BOOKING: AT THE THEATRE - TICKETS -$15 ++++ HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY The next meeting will be held on Sunday 21st July Time - 10 for 10.30am Venue - The home of Wendy and Dave Judge at 20A Southway, Burnside. Speaker - Sue Bonett on Succulents See how to grow a stunning garden with minimal water Enquiries Tel Maggi on 2242235 ++++ ALL EVENTS IN THE ROBERT SIBSON HALL THE ACADEMY AND PERFORMING ARTS BULAWAYO The Return of the Pink Panther, generally regarded as the funniest of the entire series, marked the return - after an 11-year hiatus - of Peter Sellers as Inspector Clouseau, along with the famous 'Pink Panther' diamond which has once again been stolen. Clouseau is called in to catch the thief and, convinced that 'The Phantom' has returned, utilises all of his resources to find the diamond and reveal the true identity of 'The Phantom'. 'Watching it is like taking a long, wild sail off a banana peel and landing a couple of hours later, softly and unharmed, exhausted from laughing.' [New York Times] '"The Return of the Pink Panther" is an irresistible treat and a must-see with many, many memorable and rip-roaring laughs. [IMDb] 'In its vigorous and bulls-eye way, "T'he Return of the Pink Panther" is a cheerful escape from all the things that ail us. [Los Angeles Times] Admission: $6.00 [free to Film members] FRIDAY 19 JULY AT 7.00 P.M. BERNSTEIN CONDUCTS HAYDN AND SCHUBERT Bernstein's interpretations of Haydn's symphonies have consistently met with unreserved critical acclaim. He, of all conductors, possessed precisely the qualities which Haydn's music requires: grace, charm and a generous measure of wit. The programme includes the well-known 'Surprise' Symphony as well as the delightful Sinfonia Concertante for violin, cello, oboe, bassoon and orchestra. After the interval comes Schubert's 'Great C major Symphony', a work discovered by Schumann among the composer's papers ten years after his death and prompting him to write euphorically 'here, beside sheer musical mastery of the technique of composition is life in every fibre, colour in the finest shadings, meaning everywhere, the acutest etching of detail, and all flooded with a Romanticism that we have encountered elsewhere in Franz Schubert.' ' This is a first-rate performance of Schubert's "Great C major", with fine sound, enhanced by the excellent camera work that shows the appropriate musicians at key moments and Bernstein revelling in a work that he obviously loved. [Amazon] Admission: $6.00 [free to Red Carpet members] THURSDAY 25 JULY AT 7.00 P.M. ROMANCING THE STONE 'Romancing the Stone' reaches back to the classic Saturday morning serials of old with an action-filled adventure enlivened by the sparkling chemistry between its well-matched leads as adventure writer Joan Wilder (Kathleen Turner) teams up with soldier of fortune Jack Colton (Michael Douglas) after learning that her sister is being held prisoner by evil art dealers in Colombia. It seems that her sister has mailed Wilder a map leading to a valuable treasure and this is the price the kidnappers are demanding for her freedom. But there are plenty of others who want the map too... 'After all the Raiders rip-offs, it's fun to find an adventure film that deserves the comparison, that has the same spirit and sense of humour.' [Roger Ebert, Chicago Sun-Times] 'Filled with twists, stunts, and witty banter, "Romancing the Stone" is a breathlessly enjoyable action comedy. [BBC] Admission: $6.00 [free to Film members] FRIDAY 26 JULY AT 6.00 P.M. MAMA MIA! and MAMMA MIA! HERE WE GO AGAIN 'Mamma Mia!' and its sequel need no introduction but here's a chance to see them both again - with a break for supper in between and special decor to enhance the evening! 'An absolutely hilarious, rousing and joyous celebration that ought to have you dancing in the aisles.' [Pete Hammond, Hollywood.com] 'This film is an utterly joyous experience and I cannot recommend it highly enough to anyone who enjoys musicals and/or Abba's music.' [IMDb] 'I simply can't imagine how "Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again" could be any better than it is. I loved it to pieces and I can't wait to go again! [Observer] '"Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again" remains implausible, unlikely and utterly glorious. Who can ask for anything more, as they might sing themselves.' [We Live Entertainment] An Academy Fund-Raiser - Admission: $15.00 ++++ 3) Congratulations ++++ 4) Condolences/In Memoriam/Wreath Funds ++++ 5) ROSES AND RASPBERRIES ++++ 6) Pets PETS FOR SALE 02 Female dogs for sale. vaccinations done with all certificates. 1 dog is two years old and the other dog is a mature 5 year old dog. Black and white in colour Please contact 0776 758 311 or 0773 251 112 ++++ Pet Hilton Kennels and Cattery for the best care of your pet when going away, or when your bitch is in season. Nick available to do parlour work on all breeds; and to train dogs for domestic use (when over 1 year old). Tel Margaret Bernard on 2242979 or 0775 043983 for enquiries or bookings....... ++++ 8) Bulawayo News SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO ANIMALS APPEAL FOR HELP Our shop shelves are bare, our kennels are struggling, Pease help! We need to restock our shop shelves and would appreciate any unwanted saleable household goods, books, magazines, jam jars, clothing, ornaments, glassware, crockery etc. Absolutely anything we can sell to make money to help our kennels. We have Ecocash for your convenience. Donations for our kennels can be dropped off at our shop. The kennels are always in need of old newspapers. SHOP HOURS Monday 2pm - 3.45pm Tuesday 9am - 12 pm 1.30pm - 3.15pm Wednesday 9am - 12pm 2pm - 3.45pm Thursday 9am - 12pm 1.30pm - 3.15 pm Friday 9am - 12pm 1.30pm - 3.15pm First Saturday of each month 9am -10.45am ++++ 9) Harare And Gweru News ++++ 10) Wining, Dining and Coffee Houses ++++ 11) PROPERTY FOR SALE OR TO RENT OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATION IN BULAWAYO Overnight accommodation available for two. Cottage is situated in a quiet area, close to Hillside dams and Whitestone School. Shady garden, swimming pool and plentiful birdlife . Please contact Andrew Smith on 0775561783 ++++ Office accommodation available Offices available in quaint house with wrap around veranda, fully furnished with office desks and chairs. Set in secure fully walled gardens. Automatic gate. A short distance out of town. Suitable for professional business. Please contact 0773064911/ 0774023411 ++++ R.E.D Property We specialise in VALUATIONS contact us today to find out your Property Value! Hillside - This is the place to be, a townhouse has become available in an exclusive complex in Hillside. The townhouse is well secured and includes a double lock up garage, outside laundry, staff room and shower and toilet. The home itself is fully carpeted with an open plan lounge and dining room which opens out onto to large well fitted kitchen. The lounge also leads out onto a verandah and beautifully laid out front garden. Two of the three bedrooms look out onto the front garden, all of the bedrooms have built in cupboards and the main bedroom has a dressing area with full bathroom. There is also a family bathroom with bath, shower, toilet and basin. Fortunesgate - This is a one of a kind exceptional property, you are sitting on approximately two acres with magnificent views of the area. The house is in a secure complex and was built on top of a hill. It is a compact, neat brick under thatch home with lounge, well fitted kitchen and separate dining room with a large bathroom and upstairs bedroom. There is a cottage with two bedrooms, a separate laundry room and a separate block with double lock up garage and storeroom. Hume Park - This is a beautiful and well maintained town house with great potential as a investment opportunity. This two bedroom town house has a open plan lounge with dining room, two bathrooms, fitted kitchen and parking place. The property is walled and gated. CBD - This property is sitting on 694 Square meters. The front section is divided into two shops, the first with an open plan layout, the second shop, partitioned with back offices, kitchen and store room, the back of the property has several pillars, where building was to begin and some care takers rooms. Westondale - This property is in the Industrial site on 3080 square metres, comprising of sections being concrete block under asbestos roof for a workshop, brick under IBR roof for office with two toilets, scullery room, store room and two toilets. There is a factory in four sections with two toilets and shower room. The property is walled and gated on three sides. Negotiators: Trindie Lombard : 0772 153 519Martha Mandishona: 0772 347 240 Mark Ndoro: 0775 119 184Geraldine Chibonda: 0713 765 166 Lesley Chitrin: 0782 444 007 TO VIEW OUR PROPERTIES FOR SALE PLEASE BROWSE THROUGH OUR WEBSITES AND ADVISE WHICH PROPERTIES ARE OF INTEREST:- www.redproperty.co.zw AND www.bulawayoproperty.com ++++ Property for sale and rent A small family of 3 seeks affordable accomodation around the eastern surbub areas for October 2019. Accomodation must have at least 2 bedrooms. Contact 0772802607 ++++ PROPERTY FOR RENT Executive self contained cottage situated in Hillside. Consisting of two bedrooms, lounge, combined dinning room kitchen, bathroom and toilet. Fully furnished. rent inclusive of electricity and water. Available immediately Suit single person or couple of sober habits. Non smoker. No children, no pets Contact 0712 917 094 (No chancers) ++++ 12) Accommodation in South Africa Polokwane Affordable Overnight Accommodation Biddy and Gerhard invite you to make yourself at home at their Affordable Self-catering Overnight Accommodation, which is situated in a beautiful garden and ideally based for visitors passing through Polokwane or shopping here. If you are here for work or pleasure, and you are looking for a comfortable and relaxing stay, book your accommodation with us. Facilities Laundry Facilities*Swimming Pool/Secure undercover Parking on Premises All Rooms has Flat screen TV with DSTV (Extra Package) Air-conditioning in each unit/ Hairdryer Camping Cot available / Wi- fi available - once off fee R100 unlimited use. Check-in: 02:00 PM Check-out: 10:00 AM Rates: R600.00 for first 2 people in Rest and Ride and R 50pp there after All other units: R550 for the first 2 people per unit & R50pp thereafter. I only 1 person per unit R 450 pn In case of cancellation within 1 week of arrival or an early departure, you will be held liable for full payment as per original booking. Overnight Accommodation Rooms Melody - Sleeps 4 - Self-catering Unit: Main bedroom: Queen bed. Ensuite: shower and toilet. 2 single sleeper couches in lounge area. The unit has a fully equipped self-catering kitchen with a 4 plate hob stove & oven; fridge-deepfreeze. The unit has a private braai area. Harmony - Sleeps 4 - Self-catering Unit: The main room has a queen bed and the adjoining room has bunk beds. The unit has one bathroom with a bath, shower, basin and toilet. Flat screen TV & Air-con in Main Room. The unit has a fully equipped kitchen with a 2 plate stove-oven. The Unit has a private braai area. Rest & Ride - Sleeps 4 - Semi Self-catering Unit: Largest Unit: Room 1: 2 single beds (that can be used as a queen). Room 2: 2 twin beds. There is one bathroom with shower and basin and a separate toilet in the unit. Each room has a microwave; coffee making facilities; bar fridge & Flat screen TV. Access to cutlery, crockery, fridge-deepfreeze & braai under the Lapa Area - Patio set that comfortably seats eight persons. Swimming pool views. Cozy corner: Sleeps 2 (singles) - Semi Self-catering Unit: One room unit: has 2 single beds against each other or apart. There is a shower and toilet on suite. Unit has a microwave; coffee making facilities; fridge/deep freeze; Flat screen TV. Access to cutlery, Patio set that comfortably seats you. Weber available for braaiing. Location: 13 Woodbush Street, Polokwane, 0699 Close to Makro & Gateway International Airport - just off of the N1. GPS: S 23 52. 35.1'E 029 27 22.2' Hostess: Biddy Fourie +27 82 410 7325 biddy@overnightpolokwane.co.za ++++ 12b) Accommodation and Travel In Botswana ++++ 13) Accommodation and Travel In Zimbabwe OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATION IN BULAWAYO Overnight accommodation available for two. Cottage is situated in a quiet area, close to Hillside dams and Whitestone School. Shady garden, swimming pool and plentiful birdlife . Please contact Andrew Smith on 0775561783 ++++ 14) Catering and Food ++++ 15) VEHICLES FOR SALE OR HIRE ++++ 16) Travel and Tours ++++ 17) Computers And Electronics ++++ 18) Lifts Wanted And Offered ++++ 19) Seeking Friends I am seeking the whereabouts of David Watson believed to be in Mutare ex Umtali. Norman Spagliardi. norman.spagliardi@gmail.com ++++ 20 ) SITUATIONS VACANT AND WANTED VACANCIES BOOKKEEPER We are looking for a bookkeeper up to Trial Balance with experience in Pastel and Adaski. The position will involve the processing of journals, bank reconciliations, creditors reconciliations, debtors, online payments as well as processing and paying out of wages. MUST BE ABLE TO START IMMEDIATELY. Please email CV and copies of certificates to : vacancies682@gmail.com ++++ ACCOUNTANT/BOOKKEEPER We are looking for an accountant/bookkeeper with experience in tax transactions and returns, budgets, cashflow statements and basic financials ie income statement and balance sheet. Experience in Pastel and Adaski essential. MUST BE ABLE TO START ON 1 AUGUST 2019 Please email CV and copies of certificates to : vacancies682@gmail.com ++++ SEEKING EMPLOYMENT A mature lady with a pleasant personality and many years experience working as a PA / Secretary / Receptionist seeks employment. Holding a clean class 4 drivers licence. Please contact 0783 295 334 / 0774 846 988 ++++ SEEKING EMPLOYMENT Lady seeks employment as a house-keeper / childminder. Has basic cooking, well spoken, friendly and well presented person. She is a kind and hardworking lady wanting a part-time job 3 times a week. Live out preferred. Please contact 0773 073 917 ++++ SEEKING EMPLOYMENT - HOUSEKEEPER We are seeking to help our domestic worker of a number of years find a new job, as the opportunity with ourselves needs to finish up. She is very hard working, humble, reliable, and has showed great integrity. We highly recommend her, hence we are seeking to help her find a new role. Should you be interested, please contact Martin Barrow on 0776 242222 for further information. ++++ SEEKING EMPLOYMENT Mature, hard working gentleman seeks employment as a gardener. Has vast experience in lawn maintenance, flower arranging, pool cleaning, Well spoken and friendly person. Willing to live on the property and do security when there is a need. Please contact 0733 333 856 ++++ SEEKING EMPLOYMENT Mature, hard working gentleman seeks employment as a gardener. Has vast experience in lawn maintenance, flower arranging, pool cleaning, Well spoken and friendly person. Willing to live on the property and do security when there is a need. Please contact 0733 333 856 ++++ SITUATIONS WANTED I am a mature, well presented, well spoken ans responsible lady looking for a position as a house-keeper. I can also do garden duties and childminding. Recent references available. Prepared to live in or out. Please contact Anifa 0713 529 933 ++++ SITUATION SOUGHT Class Two driver, mechanically minded, with a Class One provisional seeks an immediate position. Tel: 0778 563 513 or 0715 290 274 ++++ SEEKING EMPLOYMENT Young lady seeks employment as a house-keeper. Willing to learn cooking and baking. Able to do all the cleaning, washing, ironing and child minding. Able to live on the property. Please contact 0782 245 968 or 0774 856 439 ++++ SEEKING EMPLOYMENT Mature, hard working lady seeks employment as a house-keeper. She is good with children and pets. No cooking. Able to live on the property. Please contact 0775 451 883 ++++ SEEKING EMPLOYMENT Hard working mature lady seeks employment as a house-keeper. Has a lot of experience around the house. Has worked at a lodge. Friendly and very good with children. Please contact 0778 283 568 ++++ Private Secretary Job Wanted I am a middle-aged woman who has 22 years experience in office work with knowledge of Company Secretarial documents, stocktaking, basic bookkeeping and is computer literate. I have also had experience in overseeing the office in the absence of the manager. I am hard working, willing to learn and loyal. If you are interested, please call GAYNOR PRICE on 0772953564 or Whatsapp a message on 0778828573 to set up an interview. Available to start immediately. ++++ A Bulawayo company seeks:- A lady accountant/bookkeeper with experience in handling all accounting issues including journal and ledger entries, bank reconciliations, all tax transactions and tax returns, cash flow statements and basic financials (income statement/balance sheets). If you are interested in the position, please send your CV to jobadac123@gmail.com. ++++ 21) SERVICES REPAIRS AND RENOVATIONS For all your domestic and Industrial repairs and renovations: carpentry, partitioning, fascia boards, roofing, floor sanding, guttering, tiling, building, painting, welding, plumbing, electrical work, plus much more. We also treat and replace all termite damaged timber underneath all hollow tongue and grooved floors. Please contact us by telephone or on whatsapp: Landline: + 263 292 226473 Mobile: + 2563 772 312 320 Mobile: + 263 772 322 181 Reasonable costs. Genuine inquiries only please, due to our economic fuel situation ++++ PRIVATE CATERING Contact IAN JOHNSTON if you would like to have beef, lamb, pig or whatever meat you want, on a spit, whether it be for your wedding, birthday party, etc. Book early to avoid disappointment. Contact Ian on 0712 215 373 or 0783 698 573 (w/app) or email ianbjohnston51@gmail.com ++++ ANTE NATAL CLASSES, BABY VACCINATIONS and BIRTH ATTENDANT/ DOULA I teach a set of 5 classes covering pregnancy, labour, baby care, breastfeeding and other information. I also do a "crash course" for out of towners. These classes are valuable even if you're having an elective CAESAREAN SECTION!! Please book early. I can be with you at the hospital when you're in LABOUR to help you to cope! I also work part time at a BABY CLINIC :-) For any further information contact SISTER JAN JOHNSTON on (09) 466741/2 from 8 am til 12 pm Mon to Fri or (09) 2237240, 0712 728 350 or 0772 749 749 (w/app) or email me on jicsj@yoafrica.com ++++ Rob Sinclair is an expert plumber. He has had many years of experience. Anything to do with loos, bathrooms, geysers, plumbing. Rob Sinclair is your man. Phone Rob on 0772230551 ++++ 22) Health And Beauty ++++ 23) Tuition ++++ 24) Miscellaneous For Sale ++++ 25) WANTED TO BUY OR HIRE ++++ 26) Clothing And Fashion ++++ 27) Boats and Fishing ++++ 28) Garden, Decor And Home Kraal manure $2.00 a 50 KG bag. Free delivery over ten bags. Phone Ollie on 0771289677 ++++ JILL'S SUPER ORGANIC COMPOST BLACK GOLD 99% WEED FREE EXCELLENT FOR POTS, VEGETABLES, FLOWER BEDS, SEEDLINGS AND LAWNS. WILL DELIVER 2 X 50KG BAGS OR MORE LOCALLY - MONDAYS, WEDNESDAYS AND THURSDAYS. PHONE 246688 or 0778495599 ++++ 29) TIDBITS The content that is published in Morning Mirror does not necessarily reflect the editor's opinion. Morning Mirror reserves the right to refuse any advertising or content. ++++